Validation Study of Korean Translated Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation-15 as Self-Report Family Assessment Measure: Focusing on Adolescent in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province / 가정의학회지

Background@#Systemic Clinic Outcome and Routine Evaluation (SCORE-15) is a compact scale that contains the most critical family function assessment tools including assessments of the strengths, adaptability, and communication among family members. It has been translated into other languages in the United States and Europe. This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of SCORE-15 with a small research population and justify its applicability in Korea. @*Methods@#SCORE-15 is a self-reporting family function measurement tool for each family member over the age of 11 years. This study used the Family Communication Scale (FCS) included in the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) IV package and FACES in FACES-III to verify the validity of the Korean-translated SCORE-15. Cronbach’s α value was calculated to check the reliability of SCORE-15. Data were analyzed using STATA ver. 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). @*Results@#The study analyzed the correlation between FACES-III and SCORE-15 and FCS and SCORE-15 so that there was a significant static correlation in both comparisons (r=0.72 and r=0.81, respectively). Also, the research compared each subscale to analyze the correlation and the range was 0.47 to 0.95. The total SCORE-15 Cronbach’s α value was 0.92 and those values of the subscales for family strengths, family communication, and family difficulty were 0.89, 0.73, and 0.87, respectively (P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#Our study was the first to validate the Korean SCORE-15, which can be used as an appropriate shortform indicator for evaluating family function and changes in detecting therapeutic improvements in Korea.

Comparison of treatment effects between four premolar extraction and total arch distalization using the modified C-palatal plate / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue treatment effects of nonextraction therapy using the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) to those of premolar extraction (PE) treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion. METHODS: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalographs of 40 adult patients with Class II malocclusion were retrospectively analyzed. The MCPP group comprised 20 patients treated with total arch distalization of the maxillary arch while the PE group comprised 20 patients treated with four PE. Fifty-eight linear and angular measurements were analyzed to assess the changes before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the treatment effects within and between the two groups. RESULTS: The MCPP group presented 3.4 mm of retraction, 1.0 mm of extrusion, and 7.3° lingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor. In comparison, the PE group displayed greater amount of maxillary central incisor retraction and retroclination, mandibular incisor retraction, and upper lip retraction (5.3 mm, 14.8°, 5.1 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). In addition, the MCPP group showed 4.0 mm of distalization and 1.3 mm of intrusion with 2.9° distal tipping of the maxillary first molars. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the MCPP is an effective distalization appliance in the maxillary arch. The amount of incisor retraction, however, was significantly higher in the PE group. Therefore, four PE may be recommended when greater improvement of incisor position and soft-tissue profile is required.

Displacement and stress distribution of the maxillofacial complex during maxillary protraction using palatal plates: A three-dimensional finite element analysis / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze initial displacement and stress distribution of the maxillofacial complex during dentoskeletal maxillary protraction with various appliance designs placed on the palatal region by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: Six models of maxillary protraction were developed: conventional facemask (Type A), facemask with dentoskeletal hybrid anchorage (Type B), facemask with a palatal plate (Type C), intraoral traction using a Class III palatal plate (Type D), facemask with a palatal plate combined with rapid maxillary expansion (RME; Type E), and Class III palatal plate intraoral traction with RME (Type F). In Types A, B, C, and D, maxillary protraction alone was performed, whereas in Types E and F, transverse expansion was performed simultaneously with maxillary protraction. RESULTS: Type C displayed the greatest amount of anterior dentoskeletal displacement in the sagittal plane. Types A and B resulted in similar amounts of anterior displacement of all the maxillofacial landmarks. Type D showed little movement, but Type E with expansion and the palatal plate displayed a larger range of movement of the maxillofacial landmarks in all directions. CONCLUSIONS: The palatal plate served as an effective skeletal anchor for use with the facemask in maxillary protraction. In contrast, the intraoral use of Class III palatal plates showed minimal skeletal and dental effects in maxillary protraction. In addition, palatal expansion with the protraction force showed minimal effect on the forward movement of the maxillary complex.

Comparison of treatment effects between the modified C-palatal plate and cervical pull headgear for total arch distalization in adults / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) for total arch distalization in adult patients with Class II malocclusion and compare the findings with those of cervical pull headgear. METHODS: The study sample consisted of the lateral cephalograms of 44 adult patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, including 22 who received treatment with MCPP (age, 24.7 ± 7.7 years) and 22 who received treatment with cervical pull headgear (age, 23.0 ± 7.7 years). Pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cephalograms were analyzed for 24 linear and angular measurements. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes after treatment in each group and differences in treatment effects between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean amount of distalization at the crown and root levels of the maxillary first molar and the amount of distal tipping was 4.2 mm, 3.5 mm, and 3.9° in the MCPP group, and 2.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and 8.6° in the headgear group, respectively. In addition, intrusion by 2.5 mm was observed in the MCPP group. In both groups, the distal movement of the upper lip and the increase in the nasolabial angle were statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, none of the skeletal and soft tissue variables exhibited significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that MCPP is an effective treatment modality for total arch distalization in adults.

The Effectiveness of Short Term Mobile Phone Text Reminders in Improving Compliance among Hypertensive Patients

BACKGROUND: For the effective management of hypertension, drug adherence and life style modification are important. We investigated the effects of mobile phone text-message reminders on compliance and life style modification in patients with hypertension. METHODS: The study was performed at family medicine outpatient clinics at 15 hospitals in South Korea from July 2008 to June 2010. Study subjects included 1,449 patients who were all prescribed candesartan cilexetil. Patients were randomly divided into two groups- mobile phone text-message reminder group and control group. In the reminder group, contents of text messages were recommendations for antihypertensive adherence, exercise, low salt diet, and reduction of weight and alcohol. In the control group, the date of next visit was sent at 10 week. Mobile phone text-messages were sent at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks by the coordinating center. Thereafter, they were followed up for 12 weeks. Chi-square test was performed to compare compliance and performance indexes of the two groups. RESULTS: The reminder group had 719 (49.6%) patients vs. 730 (50.4%) patients in the control group. Attendance rate were 92.8% for the reminder group and 94.7% for the control group (P=0.14). 94.7% of the reminder group and 94.0% of the control group took their medication regularly (P=0.59). The target blood pressure was attained in 75.8% of the reminder group and 75.4% of the control group (P=0.87). Similarly, rates of weight loss, decreased alcohol use, increased physical activity and a low salt diet showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, mobile phone text reminders did not show to have any significant positive effect on the management of hypertension.

Reader's Forum / 대한치과교정학회지

No abstract available.

Evaluation of the palatal soft tissue thickness by cone-beam computed tomography / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to measure the palatal soft tissue thickness at popular placement sites of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and evaluate the age, gender, and positional differences in this parameter. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 23 children (10 boys and 13 girls; mean age, 10.87 +/- 1.24 years; range, 6.7 to 12.6 years) and 27 adults (14 men and 13 women; mean age, 21.35 +/- 1.14 years; range, 20.0 to 23.8 years). Nine mediolateral and nine anteroposterior intersecting reference lines were drawn on CBCT scans of the 50 subjects, and the resultant measurement areas were designated according to their mediolateral (i.e., lateral, medial, and sutural) and anteroposterior (i.e., anterior, middle, and posterior) positions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to analyze intragroup and intergroup differences. RESULTS: No significant age and gender differences were found (p = 0.309 and 0.124, respectively). Further, no significant anteroposterior change was observed (p = 0.350). However, the lateral area presented the thickest soft tissue whereas the sutural area had the thinnest soft tissue (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical selection of the placement sites of TADs should be guided by knowledge of the positional variations in the palatal soft tissue thickness in addition to other contributing factors of TAD stability.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis for determining the stress distribution after loading the bone surface with two-component mini-implants of varying length / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent and aspect of stress to the cortical bone after application of a lateral force to a two-component orthodontic mini-implant (OMI, mini-implant) by using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: The 3D-finite element models consisted of the maxilla, maxillary first molars, second premolars, and OMIs. The screw part of the OMI had a diameter of 1.8 mm and length of 8.5 mm and was placed between the roots of the upper second premolar and the first molar. The cortical bone thickness was set to 1 mm. The head part of the OMI was available in 3 sizes: 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. After a 2 N lateral force was applied to the center of the head part, the stress distribution and magnitude were analyzed using FEA. RESULTS: When the head part of the OMI was friction fitted (tapped into place) into the inserted screw part, the stress was uniformly distributed over the surface where the head part was inserted. The extent of the minimum principal stress suggested that the length of the head part was proportionate with the amount of stress to the cortical bone; the stress varied between 10.84 and 15.33 MPa. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the stress level at the cortical bone around the OMI does not have a detrimental influence on physiologic bone remodeling.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the relationship between dental and basal arch forms in normal occlusion / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relationship between the dental and basal arch forms; to analyze their differences in the tapered, ovoid, and square arch forms in normal occlusion by using three-dimensional (3D) virtual models; and to test the hypothesis that the overjet and maxillomandibular basal arch width difference have a significantly positive correlation. METHODS: Seventy-seven normal occlusion plaster casts were examined by 3D scanning. Facial axis (FA) and WALA points were digitized using the Rapidform 2006 software. The dimensions of the dental and basal arches and the overjet were measured. The samples were classified into 3 groups according to arch forms: tapered (n = 20), ovoid (n = 20), and square (n = 37). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the dental and basal arch dimensions. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the intercanine as well as the intermolar widths at the FA and WALA points were calculated. RESULTS: With regard to the basal arch dimensions, the tapered arch form showed a larger mandibular intermolar depth than the ovoid. Strong correlations were noted between the basal and dental intermolar widths in both the upper and lower arches (r = 0.83 and 0.85, respectively). Moderate correlation was found between the upper and lower intercanine widths (r = 0.65 and 0.48, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The 3 dental arch form groups differed only in some dimensions of the skeletal arch. Moderate correlations were found between the basal and dental intercanine widths. These findings suggest that the basal arch may not be a principle factor in determining the dental arch form.

Effect of friction from differing vertical bracket placement on the force and moment of NiTi wires / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of force and moment produced by Nickel-titanium wires of different sizes at activation and deactivation according to differing vertical bracket displacement. METHODS: Superelastic NiTi wires of 3 different sizes (0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" x 0.022") were tied with elastomeric or 0.009-inch stainless steel ligations in a twin-bracket, 0.018-inch slot. A testing machine recorded the effects of simulated activation of 5 distances from 1 to 5 mm and deactivation of 5 distances from 4 to 0 mm, in increments of 1 mm. RESULTS: Frictional force increased the wire stiffness during loading. Ligation of 0.014-inch NiTi wire with O-ring resulted in a significant increase in the stiffness. On application of orthodontic force for 5 mm of vertical displacement of teeth, the effective displacement in the case of the 0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" x 0.022" NiTi wires was 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that movement of teeth with large vertical displacement was ineffective because of excessive friction. This finding might contribute to the understanding of the force system required for effective teeth movement and thereby facilitate the application of the appropriate light wire for leveling and alignment.

Influence of Stomach Cancer Risk Factors on the Development of Gastric Dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Both atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia may progress to gastric dysplasia. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing progression of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia. METHODS: People diagnosed with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia for the first time received a follow-up endoscopy and were investigated for the cumulative incidence rate of gastric dysplasia by age, gender, smoking habit, alcohol intake, rice consumption and family history of stomach cancer. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence rate increased with age, consuming > or =3 bowls of rice per day and family history of stomach cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the cumulative incidence rate of gastric dysplasia increased in subjects >61 years (RR=2.54, P=0.014), in those consuming > or =3 bowls of rice per day (RR=1.46, P=0.021) and in those with a family history of stomach cancer (RR=1.31, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: More active management, such as intensive endoscopic follow-up examinations, lifestyle change and education regarding gastric dysplasia, are required in those older than 61 years, having a higher intake of grain or with a family history of stomach cancer.

Glomerular Filtration Rate Difference between Renal Cyst Group and Control Group / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The simple renal cyst is the most prevalent cystic deformation in adults and is most of them are incidentally found during medical examination. In this study, the clinical differences were compared between simple renal cyst and control groups diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography during periodic medical examination. METHODS: We randomly selected 2,277 persons who took medical examination in one general hospital health promotion center. Among them, analysis was conducted for 188 subjects with simple renal cyst and 188 subjects without renal cyst whose sex, age, and body mass index were matched. Renal cyst subjects were compared with control group to search for their relationship with hypertension, renal function and microscopic hematuria, past medical history, social history, results of other abdominal ultrasonography findings, urine test, and blood test. RESULTS: Among 2,213 subjects, simple renal cyst was found in 188 subjects (8.5%). The subjects who had more than three simple renal cysts were significant older (P = 0.05) and the oldest age was 70's. Also, higher hypertension prevalence (P = 0.05), more microscopic hematuria, higher serum creatinine (P = 0.02), and lower glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.01) were observed in simple renal cyst group. CONCLUSION: It is needed to survey size, shape and change of simple renal cyst using abdominal ultrasonography as well as how its progression may be related to developing hypertension, decreased renal function and microscopic hematuria.

The Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy and Its Management in the Hospice and Palliative Care Patients / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

Recent advances in techniques and strategies use to detect cancer in its early stages and to treat it effectively has the survival rate of cancer patients and the number of long-term cancer survivors continually increasing. Unfortunately, many cancer survivors are at risk for various late and long-term effects of cancer treatments including the radiotherapy. Long-term cancer survivors can be also seen for a hospice and palliative care because of cancer recurrence and they are at risk of delayed reactions to radiotherapy. So, the understanding and knowledge of radiation reactions is required for the proper medical diagnosis, management, and coordination of the potential reactions that may occur in these care setting. In effort to increase the survival rate in cancer patients and to decrease the adverse effects of cancer treatment, many clinical studies have been and continue to be conducted. The efforts of these studies have thus resulted in the advancement of cancer treatments. Regrettably, the overall interest in how to manage adverse effects of cancer treatment such as radiotherapy appears seemingly low in clinical practice and its advanced studies as a whole are delayed and deficient. It is imperative that the medical community show an enthusiastic interest in the aftercare of cancer patients and cancer survivors in order to create a complementary integrative approach that will eliminate radiotherapy related pain/discomfort or illness in hospice and palliative care settings.

Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity. CONCLUSION: Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

Asymptomatic Cor Triatriatum in an Adult Incidentally Revealed by Echocardiography

We report an unusual case of asymptomatic cor triatriatum found in a 30-year-old female suffering form Bechect's syndrome. Cor triatriatum was suspected from a routine echocardiography. The left atrium was divided into a posterior superior chamber and an anterior inferior chamber (true left atrium) by an echo-dense membrane. Two turbulent jet flows were demonstrated on transesophageal echocardiography. Catheterization and angiography demonstrated a mild increase in the pulmonary artery, and capillary wedge, pressures no associated anomalies, and with four pulmonary veins draining into the posterior chamber. The membrane was successfully resected by surgery.

Study on the Korean adult cranial capacity

Cranial capacity was measured in Korean adult skulls. The cavity was filled with rice seeds and the volume of the seeds were measured in a graduated cylinder. The results were 1470 +/- 107 (mean +/- standard deviation) in male and 1317 +/- 117 cc in female skulls. These values were in good accordance with those previously reported. In addition, regression formulae were obtained with the product of the length, breadth, and height of the skull as an independent parameter and the measured capacity as a dependent one. With known external measurements, the expected cranial capacity was as follows: when using baso-bregmatic height, male: capacity = 307.5 + 333 x 10(-6) x (length.breadth.baso-bregmatic height) female: capacity = -12.0 + 435 x 10(-6) x (length.breadth.baso-bregmatic height) and, when using auriculo-bregmatic height, male: capacity = 214.6 + 429 x 10(-6) x (length.breadth.auriculo-bregmatic height) female: capacity = 131.6 + 461 x 10(-6) x (length.breadth.auriculo-bregmatic height).

Congenital Agenesis of Odonteid Process: A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Anomalous development of the odonteid precess is an uncommon clinical occurence that can seriously impair the integrity af the atlantoaxial articulation. Absence of the odontoid process may be either congenital or acquired, but clinically the etiology is of little importance as the clinical signs and symptoms and the treatment are identical in both. We experienced a case of congenital absence of the odontoid process and good result was obtained from the posterior atlantoaxial fusion with hale-cast.